ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ITALY: A SYSTEMATIC AND POLICY ORIENTED ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjmhs.v5i2.215Keywords:
antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic policy, health governance, Italy, public healthAbstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly recognized as one of the most pressing challenges facing modern healthcare systems. Italy provides a particularly interesting case within Europe, as it continues to experience relatively high levels of antibiotic consumption alongside significant rates of resistance. This paper explores the issue from a broader perspective, moving beyond clinical explanations to consider the role of healthcare organization, policy frameworks, and social behavior. The study is based on a qualitative review of scientific literature, institutional reports, and publicly available data. The findings suggest that AMR in Italy is closely linked to structural factors, including regional disparities in healthcare performance, differences in prescribing practices, and uneven implementation of national policies. While recent initiatives, such as national action plans and stewardship programs, have improved awareness and monitoring, their impact has not been uniform across the country. Overall, the Italian case highlights the need for coordinated strategies that combine regulation, education, and institutional support. Addressing AMR effectively requires not only better clinical practices, but also stronger alignment between national policies and local realities.
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